ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 100 C-FPPL Fort Franklin, NT
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Status:Accident investigation report completed and information captured
Date:Tuesday 9 October 1984
Time:17:30
Type:Silhouette image of generic DHC6 model; specific model in this crash may look slightly different
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 100
Operator:Nahanni Air Services
Registration: C-FPPL
MSN: 115
First flight: 1968
Total airframe hrs:23645
Engines: 2 Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-20
Crew:Fatalities: 1 / Occupants: 1
Passengers:Fatalities: 6 / Occupants: 6
Total:Fatalities: 7 / Occupants: 7
Aircraft damage: Damaged beyond repair
Location:Fort Franklin, NT (   Canada)
Phase: Approach (APR)
Nature:Domestic Scheduled Passenger
Departure airport:Tulita Airport, NT (ZFN/CZFN), Canada
Destination airport:Fort Franklin Airport, NT (YWJ/CYWJ), Canada
Flightnumber: 97
Narrative:
The aircraft departed Fort Norman at 16:51 and arrived overhead Fort Franklin at approximately 17:15. Because Fort Franklin was shrouded in fog, a local resident contacted the pilot on a portable VHF transceiver and advised him that there was little or no visibility. The pilot replied that he did not think he would be able to land. The resident drove to the airstrip and contacted the pilot again when he heard the aircraft returning. He advised the pilot that visibility was 200-300 feet. The pilot then asked if this was the vertical or horizontal visibility. At that moment the Twin Otter struck a 200-foot-high telecommunications tower while in controlled level fight. Part of the right wing broke off and the aircraft slowly rolled over before striking the ground. The decision of the pilot to continue the approach in foggy weather were possibly influenced by the effects of stress and a greater than usual personal need to complete the flight. The stress was probably caused by the fact that the pilot had been involved in four accidents since March 1984. Although he was a very experienced pilot, his previous employer terminated his employment on 31 August 1984. In their opinion, his ability to make operational decisions was in question. The pilot was hired by Nahanni Air Services one month later.

Probable Cause:

CAUSE-RELATED FINDINGS: "1. The weather at Fort Franklin was unsuitable for the flight.; 2. The flight was continued into weather below that which is required for VFR flight.; 3. An approach to the aerodrome was attempted using the radar altimeter to provide terrain clearance.; 4. The pilot descended to an altitude below the height of the telecommunications tower.; 5. A lack of official weather observations and of communications facilities at Fort Franklin deprived the pilot of reliable local weather information on which to base his decisions.; 6. There exists in the more remote areas of Canada a different attitude with regard to the assessment of risk in flight operations; it is likely that this attitude influenced the decisions and actions of the pilot.; 7. The operational decisions of the pilot may have been influenced by the effects of stress and a greater than usual personal need to complete the flight.; 8. Company management may have had a better appreciation of the risk potential associated with the recent events in the pilot's life, if they had more awareness of the effects of stress on performance."

Classification:
VFR flight in IMC
Collision with pole or wires
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) - Ground

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Map
This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. The line between the airports does not display the exact flight path.
Distance from Tulita Airport, NT to Fort Franklin Airport, NT as the crow flies is 104 km (65 miles).
Accident location: Approximate; accuracy within a few kilometers.

This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.
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