ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 C-FONF Dryden Municipal Airport, ON (YHD)
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Status:Accident investigation report completed and information captured
Date:Friday 10 March 1989
Time:12:09
Type:Silhouette image of generic F28 model; specific model in this crash may look slightly different
Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000
Operator:Air Ontario
Registration: C-FONF
MSN: 11060
First flight: 1972-11-06 (16 years 4 months)
Total airframe hrs:20852
Cycles:23773
Engines: 2 Rolls-Royce Spey 555-15
Crew:Fatalities: 3 / Occupants: 4
Passengers:Fatalities: 21 / Occupants: 65
Total:Fatalities: 24 / Occupants: 69
Aircraft damage: Destroyed
Aircraft fate: Written off (damaged beyond repair)
Location:Dryden Municipal Airport, ON (YHD) (   Canada)
Crash site elevation: 413 m (1355 feet) amsl
Phase: Initial climb (ICL)
Nature:Domestic Scheduled Passenger
Departure airport:Dryden Municipal Airport, ON (YHD/CYHD), Canada
Destination airport:Winnipeg International Airport, MB (YWG/CYWG), Canada
Flightnumber:1363
Narrative:
Air Ontario Flight 1363, a Fokker F-28 jet, crashed during takeoff from Dryden Municipal Airport, Ontario, Canada. Of the 69 persons on board, 24 suffered fatal injuries.
The aircraft in question, registration C-FONF, had suffered from a malfunctioning auxiliary power unit (APU) for the five days preceding the accident. Throughout the week preceding March 10, Air Ontario maintenance attempted, with limited success, to cure the APU problems. On March 9 it was decided to defer the repair of the APU until the aircraft returned to Toronto on the night of March 10. This meant that the aircraft was dispatched with the APU inoperable.
On the morning of March 10, C-FONF departed Winnipeg on a round trip flight to Dryden, Thunder Bay and back as flight 1362/3. Since no external power unit was available at Dryden, the engines couldn't be restarted in case of engine shutdown on the ground.
The flight to Thunder Bay was unentful apart from a slight delay due to poor weather at Thunder Bay. As the aircraft was prepared for the return flight, it appeared that the aircraft was overweight as a result of ten additional passengers having transferred to the flight due to an earlier cancellation. The Air Ontario duty manager decided to off-load fuel and to arrange refuelling at Dryden. This caused an additional delay of 35 minutes.
The Fokker F-28 departed Thunder Bay at 11:55 hours EST, about one hour behind schedule. The aircraft landed at Dryden at 11:39 hours CST. It began to snow lightly when the aircraft landed.
Between 11:40 and 12:01, Air Ontario 1363 was refuelled with the right engine operating and with the passengers remaining on board the aircraft. This so called 'hot refuelling' procedure was followed because the APU was unserviceable. Eight passengers deplaned in Dryden and seven passengers boarded the aircraft.
Meanwhile, snow was accumulating on the wings, forming a layer of 1/8-1/4 inch. No de-icing was done because de-icing with either engine running was prohibited by both Fokker and Air Ontario.
The aircraft then taxied to runway 29 for departure, but was instructed to hold as there was a Cessna 150 on approach. The snow was continuing to fall heavily, becoming increasingly thick on the wings.
At 12:09 the aircraft started its takeoff roll on the slush-covered runway 29. There was an accumulation of at least one-half inch of wet, layered snow on the wings of the F-28 as it began its takeoff roll.
After a longer than normal takeoff roll, the aircraft was rotated near taxiway Alpha, at approximately the 3500 foot mark. The aircraft lifted off slightly, began to shudder, and then settled back down onto the runway. The takeoff roll then continued and the aircraft was rotated a second time, finally lifting off at approximately the 5700 mark of the 6000 foot runway. It flew over the end of the runway approximately 15 feet above the ground. It thereafter failed to gain altitude and mushed through the air in a nose-high attitude, before commencing to strike trees.
The aircraft crashed and came to rest in a wooded area, 3156 feet past the runway end and caught fire.

Probable Cause:

PROBABLE CAUSE: After a 20-month investigation, it was concluded that "Captain [-], as the pilot-in-command, must bear responsibility for the decision to land and take off in Dryden on the day in question. However, it is equally clear that the air transportation system failed him by allowing him to be placed in a situation where he did not have all the necessary tools that should have supported him in making the proper decision."

Accident investigation:

cover
Investigating agency: Commission of Inquiry
Status: Investigation completed
Duration: 3 years
Accident number: -
Download report: Final report

Classification:
Icing
Loss of control

Sources:
» Aviation Week & Space Technology 30.03.1992(30)
» Beyond aviation human factors / Maurino [et al.] p. 57-85
» ICAO Adrep Summary 3/89 (#18)
» ICAO Journal Sept. 1995 p. 14-17, 26


Photos

photo of Fokker-F-281000-C-FONF
photo of Fokker-F-281000-C-FONF
Seat map Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 C-FONF
photo of Fokker-F-281000-TC-JAR
accident date: 10-03-1989
type: Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000
registration: TC-JAR
 

Map
This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. The line between the airports does not display the exact flight path.
Distance from Dryden Municipal Airport, ON to Winnipeg International Airport, MB as the crow flies is 320 km (200 miles).
Accident location: Approximate; accuracy within a few kilometers.

This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.
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Fokker F-28

  • 241 built
  • 21st loss
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