ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 179534
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| Date: | Sunday 13 September 2015 |
| Time: | 16:30 |
| Type: |  Cessna 177 Cardinal |
| Owner/operator: | Dap Imaging, Inc. |
| Registration: | N2835X |
| MSN: | 17700235 |
| Year of manufacture: | 1967 |
| Total airframe hrs: | 3777 hours |
| Engine model: | Lycoming O-320-E2D |
| Fatalities: | Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 2 |
| Aircraft damage: | Substantial |
| Category: | Accident |
| Location: | Near Smith Mountain Lake Airport (W91), Moneta, VA -
 United States of America
|
| Phase: | Approach |
| Nature: | Survey |
| Departure airport: | Norfolk, VA (ORF) |
| Moneta, VA (W91) | |
| Investigating agency: | NTSB |
| Confidence Rating: |  Accident investigation report completed and information captured |
The commercial pilot was conducting an aerial photographic flight with one passenger on board. The airplane had been filled with fuel the day before the accident flight. On the day of the accident, the airplane was flown to and landed at two airports before it departed for the accident flight. The airplane was not refueled before the accident flight.
According to the passenger, during the accident flight, the pilot chose to land because the airplane was “low on fuel.” Two witnesses stated that the airplane was high and fast on the approach. One witness stated that the airplane had a high groundspeed on the runway. The passenger stated that, during the landing, the wind “pushed” the airplane too far down the runway and that, when the airplane was about 80 percent of the way down the runway, the pilot attempted to perform a go-around. The passenger added that, during climbout, the engine did not sound normal, the stall horn sounded, and the airplane then impacted trees and that, after the airplane came to rest, fuel was “pouring onto them.” A postcrash fire ensued.
Examination of the airframe and engine did not find any abnormalities that would have precluded normal operation. The examination revealed that one propeller blade was fractured in at least three segments, which was indicative of rotation at the time of impact. Although it is likely that the engine was developing power at the time of impact, the investigation could not determine the amount of power that was being developed or applied at that time.
Although the pilot stated that the airplane was low on fuel and the passenger reported that the engine did not sound normal during the go-around, the amount of available fuel could not be determined. However, if the airplane was in a very low fuel state, the pilot might have felt a sense of urgency to get the airplane on the ground before the fuel was exhausted. He may have then rushed the approach to the airport, which led to the airplane being high and fast as it neared the runway and resulted in the need to go around late in the ground roll.
The flap position was found at less than 10 degrees; however, according to the go-around checklist in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH), the flaps should be retracted to “1/2,” which correlates to 15 degrees, until the airplane reaches an airspeed of about 75 mph. Therefore, it is likely that the flaps were in transit at the time of impact because the pilot had prematurely retracted the flaps. Further, the POH states that “application of maximum allowable power [during a go-around] will require considerable control pressure to maintain a climb pitch attitude. The addition of power will tend to raise the airplane's nose suddenly and veer to the left. Forward elevator pressure must be anticipated and applied to hold the nose in a safe climb attitude…" It is likely that the combination of the premature retraction of the flaps and insufficient forward pressure led to the pilot’s inability to maintain pitch control, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and a subsequent aerodynamic stall.
Probable Cause: The pilot's premature retraction of the wing flaps and his subsequent failure to maintain pitch control during an attempted go-around, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and an aerodynamic stall. Contributing to the accident were the pilot’s inadequate in-flight fuel planning; his internal pressure to reach the airport expediently due to low fuel, which led to a high and fast approach; and his subsequent decision to go around when low on fuel.
Accident investigation:
 |
|
Sources:
NTSB
FAA register: http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=2835X
https://flightaware.com/live/flight/N2835X
History of this aircraft
Other occurrences involving this aircraft
| 21 August 1983 | N2835X | Henry C. Hock | 0 | Cadiz, OH | |
w/o |
| 8 December 1984 | N2835X | Henry Hock | 0 | Cadiz, OH | |
sub |
Location
Revision history:
| Date/time | Contributor | Updates |
|---|---|---|
| 14-Sep-2015 04:28 | Geno | Added |
| 21-Dec-2016 19:30 | ASN Update Bot | Updated [Time, Damage, Category, Investigating agency] |
| 01-Dec-2017 15:26 | ASN Update Bot | Updated [Operator, Other fatalities, Nature, Departure airport, Destination airport, Source, Narrative] |
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